They were not infantry support weapons, but rather a form of special artillery. Reffye mitrailleuses were deployed in six gun batteries and were manned by artillery personnel. The maximum effective range of the Reffye mitrailleuse was about 2000 yards a distance which placed their batteries beyond the reach of Prussian Dreyse needle rifle fire. The sustainable firing rate of the Reffye mitrailleuse was 100 rounds per minute. With the rotation of a crank, the 25 rounds were discharged in rapid succession. A steel block containing twenty-five 13 mm (.51 calibre) centre-fire cartridges was locked against the breech before firing. It became the first rapid-firing weapon deployed as standard equipment by any army in a major conflict when it was used during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. Then the French 25 barrel ' Canon à Balles', better known as the Reffye mitrailleuse, was adopted in great secrecy in 1866. It was followed by the Belgian Montigny mitrailleuse in 1863. The earliest true mitrailleuse was invented in 1851 by Belgian Army captain Fafschamps, 10 years before the advent of the Gatling gun. A mitrailleuse ( French pronunciation: from French mitraille, 'grapeshot') is a type of volley gun with multiple barrels of rifle calibre that can fire either multiple rounds at once or several rounds in rapid succession.
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